How are solid-state batteries produced?

A generally applicable and established process chain to produce solid-state batteries does not yet exist. Instead, many different production processes can be used. The required production volumes and methods depend primarily on the processed solid-state electrolyte. the three electrolyte classes (oxide-based, sulfide-based and polymer-based).

How a battery cell is formed?

During formation, the battery cell is subjected to the first charging and discharging cycles. In the assembled state, an all-solid-state battery with a lithium metal anode is already charged. A boundary layer forms in the cell between the electrolyte and the electrodes.

How is a lithium battery stacked?

The battery cell is already charged during the stacking process due to the lithium metal anode. The forming is done via an extrusion process in which lithium – present as lithium metal ingots – is pressed through a slot-shaped exit cross-section and thereby formed into a foil.

What is the basic structure of a solid-state battery?

The illustration above schematically shows the basic structure of a solid-state battery with a mixed cathode and a pure lithium metal anode. Within the all-solid-state battery, a solid-state electrolyte permeable to ions acts as a spatial and electrical separator between the cathode and the anode.

How do lithium ions move through a solid state battery?

During the discharge process of an all-solid-state battery, the lithium ions move from the anode through the solid electrolyte to the cathode. At the same time, a current flows through the closed external circuit. transport inside the solid-state battery. electrolytes. Inorganic electrolytes typically include oxide and sulfide-based electrolytes.

How does a battery stack work?

The cell stack is placed in an electrically insulated package which in the case of pouch cells consists of a metal-plastic mixture. The battery cell is already charged during the stacking process due to the lithium metal anode.