Does a capacitor with more capacitance C store more charge?

What the equation in fact says instead is that for a given output voltage, a capacitor with more capacitance C will store more charge on its plates. This is related to the reason why more capacitance will decrease the ripple, which we'll talk about next.

Does a larger capacitor decrease the output ripple for a fixed load?

A larger capacitor will decrease the output ripple for a given fixed load. First, on your equation: your logic isn't right because Q, the charge on the capacitor, isn't fixed. What the equation in fact says instead is that for a given output voltage, a capacitor with more capacitance C will store more charge on its plates.

Does a bigger capacitor cause a lower voltage?

But yes exactly, because more charge is stored on a bigger capacitor, in a given amount of time and with the same load current the bigger capacitor will discharge by a smaller fraction compared to a smaller capacitor. This means the voltage across the bigger capacitor will go down less. (This actually follows from your V = Q/C equation.)

How a series capacitor works?

Control of Voltage – In series capacitor, there is an automatic change in Var (reactive power) with the change in load current. Thus the drops in voltage levels due to sudden load variations are corrected instantly. The location of the series capacitor depends on the economic and technical consideration of the line.

What happens if you put a smoothing capacitor on a converter?

Putting a smoothing capacitor across the output (i.e. with the other side of the capacitor connected to ground) of such a converter will cause the capacitor itself to charge to the output voltage.

Can a capacitor supply current to a converter?

Thus, in the periods where the converter cannot itself supply current (i.e. when the converter is charging up the e.g. inductor inside it), the capacitor can supply current to the load instead.